Forest Conservation and Forest Biomaterials Science


Faculty List

Professors
J. Malcolm, MSc, PhD
S. Smith, MSc, PhD
S. Thomas, BA, PhD

Associate Professors
J. Caspersen, BA, PhD
P. James, BSc, PhD

Assistant Professors
S. Krigstin, MScF, PhD
B. Kuttner, MScF, PhD, RPF
D. Puric-Mladenovic, MScF, PhD

Professors Emeriti
P.L. Aird, BScAgr, MS, PhD 
R.B. Bryan, BA, PhD 
P.A. Cooper, BScF, MSc, PhD 
M. Hubbes, DipIngAgr, DrAgr 
A. Kenney, BScF, MSc, PhD
D.L. Martell, MASc, PhD

Introduction

Forests have traditionally been managed primarily as sources of timber and revenue. However, there is increasing recognition of their immense cultural, social and environmental role, focused particularly by recent United Nations conferences in Rio de Janeiro and Johannesburg. Increasingly the focus of forest management has shifted to include biodiversity maintenance, ecological sustainability, and the protection of wildlife and their habitats. Canadians, as custodians of 10% of the remaining global forest cover, and 25% of the undisturbed frontier forest, have both the option and the responsibility to provide global leadership in forest conservation and sustainable forest management. Forest conservation programs prepare students for this critically important role by combining traditional ecological (biology, zoology) and physical (soil science, hydrology) sciences with social sciences. Forest conservationists increasingly focus on complex, emerging social and community issues, such as Indigenous rights and land tenure, protection of wilderness parklands, preservation of urban green space, and the use of forests for carbon sequestration.

Responsible stewardship of our forests and the changing focus from industrial timber production to forest conservation has greatly expanded the range of expertise necessary. Graduates can pursue a wide range of new career opportunities developing in private, government and non-government environmental organizations where forest conservationists increasingly work as members of multidisciplinary teams of environmental and resource managers. Graduates from forest conservation programs can also pursue graduate programs in a wide range of disciplines, including forest conservation, forestry, environmental sciences and international development.

Students may take a specialist 4-year degree leading to an HBA in Forest Conservation or an HBSc in Forest Conservation Science. The arts program focuses on communal forest management, development of forest policies, forest economics and forest product trade, with electives in social sciences, while the science program concentrates on forest biology and ecology with electives in life and physical sciences.

The specialist programs provide a grounding in forest conservation with emphasis on breadth as well as research depth, and can particularly meet the needs of individuals who are considering graduate level education in forestry (MFC, MScF or PhD).

The major programs in Forest Conservation are intended to build on a student's interest in forestry and related issues. Students should consider combining these programs with a major in another related discipline such as environment, geography, biology, chemistry, urban studies or architecture.

A minor in Forest Conservation Science (Science program) and a minor in Forest Conservation (Arts program) are also available. Students should consider combining these programs with a minor in other related disciplines.

Note: Enrolment in the Forest Biomaterials Science Major and Minor has been administratively suspended as of 1 October 2020 and no new students are being admitted. Students presently enrolled in the Major or Minor will be able to complete the respective program requirements as described below.

The Forestry Undergraduate Administrator may be contacted at: programs@daniels.utoronto.ca 

Forest Conservation and Forest Biomaterials Science Programs

Forest Conservation Science Specialist (Science Program) - ASSPE1102

Enrolment Requirements:

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program.

Completion Requirements:

(12.0 credits, including at least 3.5 credits at the 300-level and 2.0 credits at the 400-level; other equivalent and approved courses offered by other Faculties, University of Toronto Mississauga or University of Toronto Scarborough may be eligible for inclusion.)

First Year:
BIO120H1; plus 2.5 first year Science credits ( GGR101H1; CHM135H1, CHM136H1 recommended)

Second Year:
1. FOR200H1, FOR201H1
2. 1.0 credit from ECO220Y1, ECO227Y1; GGR270H1, GGR271H1; STA220H1, STA221H1
3. 1.5 credits from BIO220H1, BIO251H1, BIO260H1; GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1, GGR223H1, GGR272H1, GGR273H1; PHL273H1; ENV221H1, ENV222H1; ENV234H1/​ EEB240H1, ENV237H1, ENV238H1

Third Year:
1. FOR301H1, FOR305H1; 1.0 credit from FOR300H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR306H1, FOR307H1, FOR310H1; ENV334H1
2. 0.5 credit from EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB323H1, EEB328H1; CSB340H1
3. 1.0 credit from EEB324H1, EEB365H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1; GGR305H1, GGR314H1; ENV320H1, ENV322H1, ENV323H1

Fourth Year:
1. FOR400Y1, FOR401H1
2. 0.5 credit from FOR403H1, FOR405H1, FOR410H1, FOR413H1, FOR416H1, FOR417H1, FOR418H1, FOR419H1, FOR420H1, FOR423H1; ENV347H1; EEB403H1, EEB406H1, EEB407H1

To substitute courses not currently on offer, please contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator to discuss course options from other departments.

Note: If the FOR301H1 is not on offer, a student may use a substitute field or research course from another department. Contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator for details and confirmation.

Forest Conservation Specialist (Arts Program) - ASSPE1100

Enrolment Requirements:

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program.

Completion Requirements:

(12.0 credits, including at least 3.0 credits at the 300-level and 2.5 credits at the 400-level; other equivalent and approved courses offered by other Faculties, University of Toronto Mississauga or University of Toronto Scarborough may be eligible for inclusion.)

First Year:
BIO120H1; plus 1.5 first year Social Science credits

Second Year:
1. ENV234H1/​ EEB240H1; FOR200H1, FOR201H1
2. 1.0 credit from ECO220Y1, ECO227Y1; GGR270H1; STA220H1, STA221H1, STA255H1
3. 1.0 credit from ANT204H1; ENV221H1, ENV222H1; GGR223H1; INS201Y1; PHL273H1

Third Year:
1. FOR301H1, FOR305H1; At least 1.0 credit from FOR300H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR306H1, FOR307H1, FOR310H1; EEB321H1
2. At least 1.0 credit from JGE321H1, JGE331H1; ENV320H1, ENV323H1, ENV347H1, JIG322H1

Fourth Year:
1. FOR400Y1, FOR401H1
2. 1.0 credit from ANT450H1; FOR403H1, FOR416H1, FOR417H1, FOR418H1; ENV421H1, ENV422H1, ENV440H1; GGR416H1

An additional 1.0 credit can be taken from any 3rd or 4th year elective listed above.

To substitute courses not currently on offer, please contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator to discuss course options from other departments.

Note: If the FOR301H1 is not on offer, a student may use a substitute field or research course from another department. Contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator for details and confirmation.

Forest Biomaterials Science Major (Science Program) - ASMAJ1098

Enrolment Requirements:

Enrolment in the Forest Biomaterials Science Major is being administratively suspended as of 1 October 2020 and no new students will be admitted thereafter. Students presently enrolled in the Major will be able to complete the program requirements as described below.

Completion Requirements:

The Forest Biomaterials major or minor may be strengthened by an accompanying major or minor(s) in Biology (major, minor), Biochemistry (major), Forest Conservation (major, minor) , Chemistry (major, minor), Environmental Chemistry (minor), Materials Chemistry (minor) or Environment & Science (major, minor).

Questions about the program should be submitted to programs@daniels.utoronto.ca.

(8.0 credits, including at least 2.0 credits at the 300-level and 2.0 credits at the 400-level; other equivalent and approved courses offered by other Faculties may be eligible for inclusion.)

1. BIO120H1; 1.0 credit from MSE101H1; ECO101H1, ECO102H1, ECO105Y1; CHM135H1, CHM136H1; MAT135H1
2. FOR200H1, STA220H1; 1.0 credit from CHM220H1; ENV221H1, ENV234H1/​ EEB240H1; MSE219H1; BCH210H1; BCH242Y1; STA221H1; EEB225H1; MGT201H1, RSM100Y1; BIO220H1, BIO251H1
3. FOR300H1, FOR310H1; 1.0 credit from FOR302H1, FOR305H1; ENV350H1; MSE316H1; BCH370H1; GGR348H1
4. FOR401H1, FOR410H1; 1.0 credit from FOR403H1, FOR405H1, FOR420H1, FOR423H1; CHE475H1

An additional 0.5 credit can be taken from any 3rd or 4th year elective listed above.

Forest Conservation Major (Arts Program) - ASMAJ1100

Enrolment Requirements:

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program.

Completion Requirements:

(8.0 credits, including at least 1.5 credits at the 300-level and 1.0 credit at the 400-level; other equivalent and approved courses offered by other Faculties, University of Toronto Mississauga or University of Toronto Scarborough may be eligible for inclusion.)

First Year:
BIO120H1; plus 1.5 first year Social Science credits

Second Year:
1. ENV234H1/​ EEB240H1; FOR200H1, FOR201H1
2. 1.0 credit from ANT204H1; ECO220Y1, ECO227Y1; GGR270H1; INS201Y1; STA221H1; ENV221H1, ENV222H1; PHL273H1; STA220H1, STA255H1

Third Year:
FOR305H1; 1.0 credit from FOR300H1, FOR301H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR306H1, FOR307H1, FOR310H1; EEB321H1

Fourth Year:
FOR400Y1

An additional 1.0 credit can be taken from any 3rd or 4th year elective listed above or under the Forest Conservation Specialist (Arts Program).

To substitute courses not currently on offer, please contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator to discuss course options from other departments.

Forest Conservation Science Major (Science Program) - ASMAJ1102

Enrolment Requirements:

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program.

Completion Requirements:

(8.0 credits, including at least 2.0 credits at the 300-level and 1.0 credit at the 400-level; other equivalent and approved courses offered by other Faculties, University of Toronto Mississauga or University of Toronto Scarborough may be eligible for inclusion.)

First Year:
BIO120H1; plus 2.5 first year Science credits ( JEG100H1, GGR101H1, CHM135H1, CHM136H1 recommended)

Second Year:
FOR200H1, FOR201H1; 1.0 credit from ENV234H1/​ EEB240H1, ENV237H1, ENV238H1, GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1, GGR223H1, GGR272H1, GGR273H1, BIO220H1

Third Year:
FOR305H1; 1.5 credits from FOR300H1, FOR301H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR306H1, FOR307H1, FOR310H1, EEB321H1

Fourth Year:
FOR400Y1

To substitute courses not currently on offer, please contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator to discuss course options from other departments.

Forest Biomaterials Science Minor (Science Program) - ASMIN1098

Enrolment Requirements:

Enrolment in the Forest Biomaterials Science Minor is being administratively suspended as of 1 October 2020 and no new students will be admitted thereafter. Students presently enrolled in the Minor will be able to complete the program requirements as described below.

Completion Requirements:

The Forest Biomaterials major or minor may be strengthened by an accompanying major or minor(s) in Biology (major, minor), Biochemistry (major), Forest Conservation (major, minor) , Chemistry (major, minor), Environmental Chemistry (minor), Materials Chemistry (minor) or Environment & Science (major, minor).

Questions about the program should be submitted to programs@daniels.utoronto.ca.

(4.0 credits, including at least 1.5 credits at the 300-level and 1.0 credit at the 400-level)

1. 1.5 credits from BIO120H1; MSE101H1; ECO105Y1; CHM135H1, CHM136H1, CHM220H1; FOR200H1; ENV234H1/​ EEB240H1; MGT201H1
2. FOR300H1, FOR310H1; 0.5 credit from ENV350H1; MSE219H1, MSE316H1; FOR305H1, BCH370H1; GGR348H1
3. 1.0 credit from FOR401H1, FOR405H1, FOR410H1, FOR420H1, FOR423H1

Forest Conservation Minor (Arts Program) - ASMIN1100

Enrolment Requirements:

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program.

Completion Requirements:

(4.0 credits)

First Year: 1.0 credit from ANT100Y1; ECO101H1, ECO102H1; ENV200H1; GGR101H1, JEG100H1

Higher Years: 3.0 credits from FOR200H1, FOR201H1, FOR300H1, FOR301H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR305H1, FOR306H1, FOR307H1, FOR310H1, FOR400Y1, FOR401H1

To substitute courses not currently on offer, please contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator to discuss course options from other departments.

Forest Conservation Science Minor (Science Program) - ASMIN1102

Enrolment Requirements:

This is an open enrolment program. A student who has completed 4.0 credits may enrol in the program.

Completion Requirements:

(4.0 credits, including at least 1.0 credit at the 300-level and 1.0 credit at the 400-level)

First Year: 1.0 credit from BIO120H1; GGR101H1; CHM135H1, CHM136H1

Second Year: FOR200H1, FOR201H1

Third Year: 1.0 credit from FOR300H1, FOR301H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR305H1, FOR306H1, FOR307H1, FOR310H1

Fourth Year: FOR400Y1

To substitute courses not currently on offer, please contact the Forestry Undergraduate Administrator to discuss course options from other departments.


Forest Conservation and Forest Biomaterials Science Courses

FOR200H1 - Conservation of Canada's Forests

Hours: 24L

Forest conservation issues in Canada; fundamentals of forest biology and ecology; forest biodiversity; development of forest management philosophy in Canadian forested regions; concepts of sustainability. Sustainable forest management strategies; forest policy and economics in a Canadian context; forest certification; protected areas.

Recommended Preparation: BIO120H1, GGR100H1, GGR101H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR201H1 - Conservation of Tropical and Subtropical Forests

Hours: 24L

The world's major tropical and subtropical forest biomes; prospects for conservation and sustainable management; consequences of different forest development strategies; tropical deforestation and selective logging; agroforestry; biodiversity and non-timber forest products; the fuelwood crisis; large carnivore conservation; ecological, economic and social perspectives.

Recommended Preparation: BIO120H1, GGR100H1, GGR101H1
Distribution Requirements: Science, Social Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR300H1 - Forest Products in Sustainable Forestry

Hours: 24L/24P

Traditional and non-traditional forest products; wood structure; properties and material attributes; functional characteristics and logistics of wood product industry. Contribution of innovative product development to conservation; adding value; residue use; biorefinery; under-utilized species; wood protection. Forest product certification; eco-labelling; life cycle analysis.

Recommended Preparation: FOR200H1, FOR201H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)

FOR301H1 - Field Methods in Forest Conservation

A practical introduction to the field methods used by forest conservationists in Ontario. This field course will last 10-days from August 30 September 8 approximately. Field exercises will provide students with practical training in tree identification, forest ecosystem classification, forest inventory, stand management prescriptions, tree marking, and silvicultural systems. Each student is required to pay an ancillary fee of approximately $650 to cover the costs of their transportation and accommodation. Students must contact the Faculty to register; we strongly recommend that you do so by the end of May, but later registrations will be considered if class size permits. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Recommended Preparation: ENV234H1, FOR200H1, FOR201H1, GGR205H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR302H1 - Societal Values and Forest Management

Hours: 24L

The course will provide diverse perspectives about societal values and forests, such as Indigenous perspective, ecosystem services and human well-being, climate change and carbon sequestration, and forest management systems, such as community-based forest management and adaptive management systems; and will develop an understanding of the need of integrative approach to address the social, cultural, economic, and scientific issues associated with forest management.

Recommended Preparation: FOR200H1, FOR201H1
Distribution Requirements: Social Science
Breadth Requirements: Society and its Institutions (3)

FOR303H1 - Human Dimensions of Global Forests

Hours: 24L

Global forest resources; relationships between societies and forests, consumption, trade and valuation of timber and non-timber products; ecosystem services, climate change and forestry, tropical deforestation and softwood lumber dispute.

Recommended Preparation: FOR200H1, FOR201H1
Distribution Requirements: Social Science
Breadth Requirements: Society and its Institutions (3)

FOR305H1 - Biology of Trees and Forests

Hours: 24L/40P

An overview of the biology of trees and the ecological principles that govern the structure and function of forests. Topics in tree biology will include tree identification, wood anatomy, tree architecture, resource acquisition and allocation, tree growth and mortality. Topics in forest ecology will include resource competition, stand development, species succession, and the cycling of nutrients and energy. This course will include a substantial field and lab component.

Recommended Preparation: FOR200H1, FOR201H1, BIO120H1, BIO220H1, ENV234H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR306H1 - Tropical Forest Ecology and Conservation Field Course

Hours: 24P

This course will provide practical experience in tropical forest conservation, introducing tools for rapid assessment of biodiversity, analysis of human use and natural disturbance impacts on forest structure and diversity, and the development of effective forest conservation strategies. See Forestry website for details.

Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: FOR201H1, FOR301H1 or FOR305H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

FOR307H1 - Forest Insect Ecology & Management

Hours: 24L/24P

Insect identification and ecology, biodiversity and conservation, invasive species, insect-tree interaction, biological control, pesticide use, and integrated pest management.

Recommended Preparation: FOR301H1 or FOR305H1, EEB380H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR310H1 - Bioenergy from Sustainable Forest Management

Hours: 24L/12T

Socio-economic, technical, political and environmental issues associated with the utilization of forest biomass (e.g., harvesting residues, thinnings, salvage, short rotation woody crops) for a source of renewable energy.

Exclusion: GGR310H1
Recommended Preparation: Completion of at least 6.0 Science credits
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Society and its Institutions (3)

FOR400Y1 - Advanced Seminar in Forest Conservation

Hours: 48S

Examination of current and emerging critical issues affecting sustainable management and conservation of global forests. Seminars led by students, faculty and visiting speakers.

Prerequisite: At least 2 of FOR300H1/ FOR301H1/ FOR302H1/ FOR303H1/ FOR305H1/ FOR306H1/ FOR307H1/ FOR310H1
Distribution Requirements: Science, Social Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4), Society and its Institutions (3)

FOR401H1 - Research Paper/Thesis in Forest Conservation

Individual in-depth student research projects on significant forest conservation and forest biomaterial issues, based on field and/or laboratory research, or literature survey. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: Completion of 15.0 credits including 1.0 credit from: FOR300H1/ FOR301H1/ FOR302H1/ FOR303H1/ FOR305H1/ FOR306H1/ FOR307H1/ FOR310H1
Distribution Requirements: Science, Social Science

FOR403H1 - Directed Readings

Hours: 24S

Provides opportunities for students to carry out individual in-depth study of current forest conservation and forest biomaterials issues, under the direction of a faculty member. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: Completion of 15.0 credits including 1.0 credit from: FOR300H1/ FOR301H1/ FOR302H1/ FOR303H1/ FOR305H1/ FOR306H1/ FOR307H1/ FOR310H1
Distribution Requirements: Science, Social Science

FOR410H1 - Bioenergy and Biorefinery Technology

Hours: 24L/24T

Technological advances and approaches in deriving biofuels and chemical feedstocks from forest and other biomass. Fundamental chemical attributes of biomass, as they affect the fuel value and potential for deriving liquid, solid and gaseous fuels and valuable chemicals for other applications will be discussed.

Exclusion: FOR425H1 (APSC)
Recommended Preparation: Completion of at least 10.0 Science credits
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)

FOR413H1 - Wildlife Ecology & Conservation

Hours: 24L

Temperate and tropical wildlife ecology and conservation; roles of wildlife in forest conservation; impacts of forestry practices and landscape modification on wildlife; ecology and viability of wildlife populations; human uses and abuses of game and non-game species.

Prerequisite: FOR200H1, FOR201H1, EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB323H1, EEB324H1, ENV234H1 + Completion of 15.0 credits
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR416H1 - Green Urban Infrastructure

Hours: 24L

Trees in and around the city are key to providing multiple engineered and ecological services that only recently have been brought into the responsible fiscal planning of every municipality around the globe. Reviews the role of trees and woodlands in providing environmental, social and economic benefits to urban and peri-urban residents and to the broader environment. Examines approaches to the characterization of urban forest ecosystems, and their planning and management.

Prerequisite: Completion of 4.0 credits
Exclusion: FOR421H1 (APSC)
Recommended Preparation: FOR200H1, FOR201H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR417H1 - Ecological Principles of Agroforestry

Hours: 24L

The roles of trees and forests in agricultural land-use systems primarily in the third world. An examination of the biological and management aspects of agroforestry, within the socio-economic constraints of the developing world. The sustainability of particular agroforestry systems is a theme throughout.

Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR418H1 - Urban Forest Conservation Field Camp

Hours: 45L/15P

A ten-day field course examining urban forestry issues in the GTA, southern and eastern Ontario and Quebec. Topics include: urban forest inventories, nursery production, arboricultural techniques, urban woodland management, urban forest health, urban forest administration, urban dendrology, and urban forestry research. Additional fees for field course (e.g. accommodation, food, other within course travel expenses) will apply. See Forestry website for details. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: FOR200H1, FOR201H1, or permission of the instructor.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR419H1 - Forest Fire Behaviour and Management

Hours: 24L/24P

Understanding forest fire activity is important for predicting fire's impact on forests and the wildland-urban interface, as well as understanding the impacts of climate change. Basic principles of forest fuel moisture exchange, fire occurrence and fire behaviour are explored. Emphasis is placed on application of these models to real fire management problems.

Prerequisite: One course in quantitative methods, linear algebra or calculus
Recommended Preparation: ECO220Y1, ECO227Y1, GGR270H1, MAT133Y1, MAT137Y1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

FOR420H1 - Green Process Chemistry

Hours: 24L/12T

This course provides an overview of the chemistry of wood and wood materials involving cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives. It also covers some reaction chemistry associated with these chemical components.

Recommended Preparation: Completion of at least 10.0 Science credits
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)

FOR423H1 - Sustainable Materials Design and Manufacturing

Hours: 24L/24T

This course focuses on the manufacturing processes, properties and uses of wood and agricultural fibre based products including wood based composites, ligno-cellulosic/thermoplastic composites and structural or engineered composites, and the practical use of these products in design.

Exclusion: FOR424H1 (APSC)
Recommended Preparation: Completion of at least 10.0 Science credits
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

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