Tailored to advanced students in Economics, Commerce, International Relations and History. The focus is on institutions, growth and inequality in countries across the world.

This course studies the interaction of the monetary and banking sectors with financial markets and the broader economy. It builds especially on tools developed in intermediate macroeconomics, but also focuses on the institutional structure of the Canadian monetary sector, including the role and operation of the Bank of Canada.

Courses may be offered in one or more subjects each year.

Courses may be offered in one or more subjects each year.

Courses may be offered in one or more subjects each year.

Seminars or workshops in economics with a data analytics component may be offered in one or more topics each year. Note: hands-on analysis of real-world data using computer programs is a course requirement. The course is open to all students who meet the prerequisites and necessary support for applicable software is provided.

Seminars or workshops in economics with a data analytics component may be offered in one or more topics each year. Note: hands-on analysis of real-world data using computer programs is a course requirement. The course is open to all students who meet the prerequisites and necessary support for applicable software is provided.

Courses may be offered in one or more subjects each year. Students must meet the prerequisites announced by the Department.

An introduction to economics of financial assets and financial markets. Topics: inter-temporal choice, expected utility theory, security valuation, selected asset pricing models, market efficiency, and the term structure of interest rates - essential materials for an understanding of the role and operation of financial markets.

Agency and incomplete information problems inherent in financial transactions; the role of contractual arrangements in overcoming them. Financial constraints on investment decisions of firms; the financial system in economic growth; the legal system in the functioning of financial markets. A look at theoretical and empirical literature covering these issues.

The course considers a broad range of issues that underlie economic growth, including technical progress and the accumulation of human and physical capital. Beyond these factors, the course also investigates the efficiency with which capital is used, the role of foreign trade, and the possible roles of institutions and geography.

An examination of the causes and consequences of international trade. The first half develops traditional models of comparative advantage. The second half examines more recent theoretical and empirical work on trade & wages, the political economy of trade, outsourcing, and firm heterogeneity.

Introduction to open economy macroeconomics and international finance. The core objective of the course is to develop macroeconomic models of open economies that can be applied towards gaining an understanding of recent events such as US deficits, financial crises, China's exchange rate policy and the Euro.

This course critically analyzes the causes and recent dynamics of economic inequality both between countries as well as within a particular country, with a particular emphasis on the role of public policy. While theoretical models are employed, there is a focus on the critical assessment of empirical evidence. Topics may include the roles of traditional market forces (e.g., globalisation, technological change), institutions (e.g., minimum wage, unions) as well as race and gender. Note: hands-on analysis of real-world data using computer programs is a course requirement. The course is open to all students who meet the prerequisites and necessary support for applicable software is provided.

This course explores the links between violent conflict and socioeconomic development. It focuses on micro-level processes leading to conflict, and how conflict and political violence affect people's lives at the household and community levels. It also examines how these processes are linked to wider political and economic issues including governance and the role of institutions. Tools from economic theory are applied alongside country-specific and cross-country empirical evidence.

The provision of health care provides many special problems of informational asymmetry, regulation, insurance and redistribution. A consideration of the demand and supply side problems. Alternative reform proposals for health care are explored.

How multiple regression can be used to answer causal questions. Implications of, and how to interpret different model specifications and identification strategies. Students will read, critically evaluate and replicate existing research, and conduct their own original analyses. Statistical software STATA or R will be used.

Introduction to time series econometrics and forecasting. Statistical foundations and economic applications of stochastic processes including ARMA, neural networks with machine learning, VAR, VEC, and volatility models. Students gain practical experience working with economic and financial data, making use of statistical software.

Introduction to econometrics. Statistical foundations and the interpretation of multiple regression models, with an emphasis on cross-sectional data. Application of regressions to a wide variety of economic questions and data sources, including the use of statistical software. Problems in the identification of causality, and an introduction to methods of addressing common statistical issues.

This course in applied microeconomics is concerned with the functioning of markets and the behaviour of firms within these markets. The focus is on strategic relationships between organizations, including competitive relationships among firms in the same market and cooperative relationships between a firm and its suppliers and distributors. Note: hands-on analysis of real-world data using computer programs is a course requirement. The course is open to all students who meet the prerequisites and necessary support for applicable software is provided.

An examination of selected material on compensation and incentives in organizations. Topics include: recruitment and hiring, training, turnover, downsizing, motivating workers, teams, allocating authority and task assignment.

An instructor-supervised group project in an off-campus setting. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-excursions-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

An instructor-supervised group project in an off-campus setting. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-excursions-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-opportunities-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-opportunities-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

This course covers basic issues in the theoretical and empirical evaluation of public policy. Sample topics include: income redistribution through taxation and the provision of social insurance and public goods, the mitigation of externalities, and welfare analysis in behavioural models. Note: hands-on analysis of real-world data using computer programs is a course requirement. The course is open to all students who meet the prerequisites and necessary support for applicable software is provided.

This course explores a variety of topics in health economics, providing students with an overview of current and historical institutional characteristics of the market for, and public policy towards, health care. Students will apply theoretical and empirical tools to current domestic and international issues in health policy. No previous background in health economics is required.

This course covers a variety of topics pertaining to economic development and associated policies. Depending on the course instructor, the focus may be on theories and policies related to poverty alleviation, human capital formation, financial markets, international trade, governance or economic growth. Note: hands-on analysis of real-world data using computer programs is a course requirement. The course is open to all students who meet the prerequisites and necessary support for applicable software is provided.

Applies quantitative economic methods to real world business-oriented cases. Sample topics include: new product design, decision making under uncertainty, market segmentation and price discrimination, inventory analysis, game theoretic analysis of price wars, financial portfolio design, and optimal pricing. Involves substantial modeling in Excel, regression analysis, optimization methods, and financial reports. Note: hands-on analysis of real-world data using computer programs is a course requirement. The course is open to all students who meet the prerequisites and necessary support for applicable software is provided.

This course studies a growth model applicable to both middle-income developing countries and resource-rich developed countries. Special attention is paid to causes of cyclical currency overvaluation, particularly Dutch disease and excessive capital inflows.