This course will address the underlying pathogenesis as well as highlight the challenges of treating immune-related conditions such as autoimmunity, cancer, HIV, and transplantation and graft rejection. Half of the lectures will address the genetics and cellular pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes and lupus. Other lectures will overview a number of immunological challenges faced in the clinic, such as preventing graft rejection after transplantation or boosting the immune system to fight cancer and HIV.