This course considers how surveillance has shaped modern society. Tracing major technological transformations over time, the course pays special attention to the social, political, and economic contexts central to the emergence of data-intensive surveillance. The course surveys how data collection and analysis has formed new industries, influenced national security strategies, and reconfigured labour relations. The course assesses how new surveillance practices, including the use of artificial intelligence, are changing the relationship between industry and the state, as well as introducing human rights concerns. Topics include surveillance capitalism, workplace surveillance, state funding of science and technology, and digital authoritarianism.